Cook the pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside, reserving some pasta water.
While the pasta is cooking, heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add minced garlic and cook until fragrant, about 1-2 minutes.
Add the shrimp to the skillet and cook until they turn pink and opaque, about 2-3 minutes per side.
Once the shrimp are cooked, add lemon zest and lemon juice to the skillet. Season with salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes if using.
Add the cooked pasta to the skillet and toss until well coated in the lemon garlic sauce. If the sauce is too thick, add a splash of reserved pasta water to thin it out.
Remove the skillet from the heat and garnish with fresh chopped parsley.
Serve the lemon garlic shrimp pasta immediately, topped with grated Parmesan cheese if desired.